1. To know the learner: Unless
the teacher has some knowledge of the potentialities of the child, he cannot go
ahead with his task. Educational psychology equips the teacher for
understanding the child in the following different ways:
(a)
His interests, attitudes, aptitudes and
the other acquired or innate capacities and abilities etc.
(b)
The stage of development linked with his
social, emotional, intellectual, physical and aesthetic needs.
(c)
His level of aspiration.
(d)
His conscious and unconscious behaviour.
(e)
His motivational behaviour.
(f)
The aspect of his group behaviour.
(g)
His conflicts, desires and other aspects
of his mental health.
2. To select and organise the
subject-matter or learning experiences: After knowing the
child, when the stage is ready for educationg the child, the following
questions come in the way. What types of learning experiences or learning
materials are to be provided? How shoud we organise or grade the materials or
learning experiences? To answer these types of questions, which belong to the
area of curriculum construction, one needs the knowledge of the characteristics
of the learner at each stage of his development, the nature and laws of
learning etc. Which come under the domain of educational psychology.
3. To suggest art and techniques of
learning as well as teaching: After deciding about
the learner and the learning material the next problem ‘how to teach or learn’
is also solved with the help of educational pschology. Educational psychology
explains the process of learning and suggests the means for effective and
enduring learning. It reveals how to maintain interest in the learning process.
In this way it acquaints the teacher with the way of making the pupils learn
and thus gives birth to the suitable methodolgy of teaching. It also suggests
that not a single method or technique is suitable for all kinds of learners in
all circumstances. A teacher should select a proper device or method according
to the learning situations, he faces.
4. To arrange learning situations or
environment: Midway between the learner and the
teacher in the educational process are the learning situations or the
environment. Much depends upon the appropriateness of this midway element. The
knowledge of educational psychology equips the teacher for taking care of the
desirable learning situations or environment where we should have individual
learning or self-study where the group learning or project work is suggested by
educational psychology. The knowledge of group dynamics and group-behaviour
gives the necessary are for teaching or learning in the group. In other words,
the study of the impact of the learning environemt (including equipment
facilities and aid material etc.) on the teaching learning process equips the
teacher for taking care of the appropriate learning situations or environment.
5. To acquaint him with the mechanism
of heredity and environment: The knowledge of the
role played by heredity and environment in the process of growth and
development of the child, is very essential for the teacher. He can weigh their
relative importance and take a balanced decisions for his work.
6. Helping in maintaining discipline:
Knowledg of educational psychology helps the teacher to have a creative type of
discipline as it acquaints him with the nature of the child, his strength and
weakness, his interests and aptitudes etc. On the one hand and with art and
techniques of teaching and learning on the other hand. Moreover his knowledge
of the needs, drives, fatique and motivational aspects of the learner and above
all the knowledge of the behaviour pattern and personality characteristics of
the children -all help him in the process of maintaining proper discipline.
7. Rendering guidance services:
The knowledge of educational psychology helps the teacher in rendering guidance
services to the pupils. He is the person who can know the child better, even
more than their parents. With the knowledge of educational psychology at his
command, he is in touch with the methods of behavioural assessment and
appraisal. He can better diagnose the abilities, intersts andaptitudes of his
pupils and consequently have an idea of the direction and speed of their
development. In this way with the help of educational psychology the teacher
can show the right direction to his pupils for their total development.
8. Helping in evaluation and
assessment: While proceeding in the course of
teaching-learning process, the need for evaluation is felt. After giving
learning experiences to the child the behavioural changes occured in him are
required to be examined and also in the beginning the potentialities are to be
known. In educational psychology, as applied behavioural science,
evaluation,measurement, and appraisal find its place which make the teacher
well-equipped in the task of evaluation with proper professional skill.
9. Solving class-room problems:
There are innumerable problems like backwardness, tradancy, bullying, cheating
in the class-room situations which are to be faced by a teacher. Educational
psychology helps the teacher on this front also. The study of the
characteristic of the problem children, the dynamics of the group, behavioural
characteristics and adjustment etc. Equip the teacher to solve the actual
class-room problems.
10. Knowing about himself:
Knowledge of educational psychology helps the teacher to know about himself.
His own behaviour patter, personality characteristics, likes and dislikes,
motivation, anxiety, conflicts, adjustment etc. are all revealed to him. He
also learns the psychology of being a teacher and acquaints himself with the
traits of a successful teacher and characteristics of effective teaching. All
this knowledge helps him in growing as a successful teacher.
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