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Educational
psychology aims at the harmonious growth and rightful conduct of the children
in too. It aims at the development of 'wholesome personality' and 'continuous
growth'. It aims at helping the teacher in providing facts and generalisation
in his task of assisting the child to develop the harmonious personality. A few
of the specific aims and objectives are discussed herewith.
Nature & Scope of educational psychology
Nature of educational psychology
1.
Educational psychology is scientific in
nature as it uses scientific methods.
2.
It has its own methodology.
3.
It is the positive science and not a
normative one.
4.
It studies dynamic and unpredictable
human behaviour. Therefore, is not exact as physical science.
5.
It is based on systematic body of
facts/information.
Significance of educational psychology for teachers and others:
Significance of educational
psychology for teachers and others:
1. Catering to individual differeces:
No two persons are exactly alike. There is individual difference. Pupils always
differ in their level of intelligence, aptitudes, likes and dislikes and in
other propensites and potentialities. Different minds are to be trained by the
teacher. There are gifted, backward, retarde, talented and handicapped
children. All of them should not be treated in the same manner. The knowledge
of educational psychology helps the teacher to cater to individual differences
of children.
NEED OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY FOR A TEACHER
1. To know the learner: Unless
the teacher has some knowledge of the potentialities of the child, he cannot go
ahead with his task. Educational psychology equips the teacher for
understanding the child in the following different ways:
(a)
His interests, attitudes, aptitudes and
the other acquired or innate capacities and abilities etc.
(b)
The stage of development linked with his
social, emotional, intellectual, physical and aesthetic needs.
(c)
His level of aspiration.
(d)
His conscious and unconscious behaviour.
(e)
His motivational behaviour.
(f)
The aspect of his group behaviour.
(g)
His conflicts, desires and other aspects
of his mental health.
Educational psychology
Educational psychology consists of
two words psychology and education. Education psychology is a division of
applied psychology. It is composed of two words ‘education’ and ‘psychology’.
We have already understood that psychology is a positive science that studies
human behaviour and experience in their environment. Let us now find out what
is education.
Methods of psychology
Psychology as the science of behaviour and experience, adopts certain ways of collecting, classifying and interpreting data regarding human bahaviour. These are the method used by psychologists in their investigations, of which some are given below:
Branches of psychology
Definitions
of psychology
Psychology is the science of human
behaviour.
-
Kolesnik
Psychology is the science of the activities of the
individual in relation to the environment.
-
Woodworth
Psychology is a positive science of behaviour.
-
Watson
Psychology is the science of behaviour and
experience.
-
Skinner
Psychology is the study of human behaviour and human
relationships
-
Crow & Crow
Psychology
Meaning
The
word psychology comes from two Greek words. ‘Psyche’ which means ‘soul’ and
‘logus’ which means ‘science’ or ‘knowledge’ thus ‘psychology’ literally means
the science of the soul.
With the passage of time, psychology has undergone several
changes as regards its meaning. In its first phase, it was meant as the science
of soul, in the second phase as the science of mind, in the third phase as the
science of consciousness and finally as the science of behaviour.
Historical
development of psychology
Psychology as
the science of soul
The word psychology comes from two
greek words; pscyche means soul and logus mans science. Thus psychology means
the science of soul. Philosophers like Democritus (460 B.C), Plato(427-347 A.C)
and Aristotle (384-322 B.C) interpreted psychology as the science of soul.
Aristotle defined soul as “an entity which realizes an idea not separable from
body and its abode in the human heart”. The nature of soul could not be
defined. Therefore, the meaning of psychology in terms of soul was rejected.
Psychology as the science of mind
Kant(1724-1804), german philosopher
criticised psychology as a science of soul and instead laid stress on the mind
aspect of science. Other philosophers also in the middle ages considered
psychology as the science of mind. However, they failed to give the exact
nature and form of the mind of an individual. According ot descartes (1596-1650
A.D), mind is a kind of matter located in the brain. E.B. Titchener (1867-1927
A.D) divided mind into three elements; sensations, images and affections. Some
thinkers consider mind as nothing but an asseblage of ideas in the brain,
gatered by experience. Opinions also differ as to the location of the mind in
the human body. Thus the concept of mind was also not clear and psychology as
the science of mind could not progress.
Psychology as the science of
consciousness:
Psychologists like william wundt
(1832-1920), william james (1842-1910) and others considered psychology as the
science of consciousness or immediate experiences. By consciousness, the
psychologists means awareness of wakefulness. There were several interpretations
of consciousness and this concept was rejected. Freud (1856-1939) criticised
this and laid stress on unconscious.
Psychology as the science of
behaviour:
The latest and the modern concept of
psychology is in terms of behaviour. The term behaviour was popularised by J.B.
Watson (1878-1958) according to him psychology is the positive science of
behaviour.
In the words of charles F.Skinner
(1938) “psychology deals with responses to any and every kind of situation that
life presents. By responses or behaviour is meant all forms of processes,
adjustments, activities and experiences of the organism.
MOBILE LEARNING
INTRODUCTION
Mobile
learning through the use of wireless mobile technology allows anyone to access
information and learning materials from anywhere and anytime. As a result,
learners have control of when they want to learn and from which location they
want to learn. Also, all humans have the right to access learning materials and
information to improve their quality of life regardless of where they live,
their status, and their culture. Mobile learning, through the use of mobile
technology, will allow citizens of the world to access learning materials and
information from anywhere and at anytime.
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