Life history of Paulo
friere
Paulo Freire was
born on September 19, 1921 at Recife in Brazil in a catholic Christian family.
Because of the economic crisis in the family his family shifted to a city
called Jab octao during 1928 to 1932. There freire
continued his secondary
education. His education was interrupted many time because of the poor
economics condition of the family. Freire worked as a teacher in the middle
schools of Brazil, in 1944 he married Eliza Maria oliverra, an elementary school
teacher, for some years till 1954, he worked as the Head of the cultural
Department of social service organization for Industries he worked as part –
time teacher in Racife University. He work for the awareness of the oppressed,
illiterate people of Brazil. His two books ‘pedagogy of the oppressed’ and
‘cultural action for freedom’ are famous. In these two books he has expressed
his educational philosophy and methods for educating the oppressed people.
Paulo Freire’s aim of
education
Paulo Freire’s concept
of education is called “conscientization”. Brazil is a developing country. In
Brazil many people are oppressed. Freire’s ideas are for imparting education to
these people. In this book “Pedagogy of the oppressed”, he has published his
concepts of education.
Education is a
continuous process, and it changes very often. Raising the consciousness of the
oppressed and the down-trodden is the aim of education.
Education is an
instrument for social change. We must create the following qualities among the
people who are educationally oppressed.
Ø Praxis or reflection and action.
Ø Freedom
Ø Autonomy
Ø Cultural action for freedom
According to Freire “Illiteracy is a product of
oppression” so education must create the power of reasoning and freedom among
people.
The Pedagogy of the
Oppressed
It is important for
us to know the meaning of terms expressed by Friere so as to understand his
view of education.
- Pedagogy is the study of teaching methods. Oppressed are those people who are treated in a cruel and unfair way and not given the same freedom and rights as others.
- Education should make the students reflect upon and analyze the world in which one lives so that one could reform it. He does not believe that lived situation consists only of a sample awareness of reality, but the individual has a historical need to fight against the status that dwells within him.
- One has to create one’s own words, words that allow one to become aware of reality in order to fight for their own emancipation.
- The inner drive to become free from oppression emerges from the interior of the consciousness as a result of cognitive development. Through systematic study one learns to fight for the end of oppression.
“Banking” concept of
education
- ‘Banking’ means education in which passive learners have pre-selected knowledge deposited in their minds. ‘bank’ concept of education is an instrument of oppression for Freire. In his time there was excessive use of lecturing and memorizing with little analysis of the importance of what is being memorized.
- The teacher is the depositor and the knowledge is deposited on a daily basis. Such method tries to convince the minds, of students so that they will adapt better to actual situations only to be oppressed more.
Dialogue
- He proposes dialogue to be established between the teacher and student because man creates himself through words, actions and reflections and not in silence. Therefore dialogue is the key element in learning.
- Dialogue is possible only when I respect the other person. Dialogue with community is importance too. He stresses the need to know and understand the context of the students namely where they come from and their way of thinking, to avoid de-contextualizing their work.
- Therefore the teaching should be part of their reality so that it does not become a mechanistic act. This background awareness creates knowledge and therefore one need not look out for opportunities and topics for study. Topics for learning could be found in the reality that surrounds the individual.
THEORY OF PAULO FRIERE
Theory of Value
Education should
raise the awareness of the students so that they become subject, rather than
objects, of the world. This is done by teaching students to think
democratically and to continually question and make meaning from everything
they learn.
Theory of Knowledge
Freire discusses
two types of knowledge, unconscious, sometimes practical knowledge and
critical, reflective or their knowledge. Beliefs are shaped into knowledge by
discussion and critical reflection.
Theory of Human Nature
The ability of
humans to plan and shape the world for their future needs is what separates man
from animals. The oppressed majority must be taught to imagine a better way so
that they can shape their future and thereby become more human.
Theory of Learning
Freire talks about
the fallacy of looking at the education system like a bank, a large repository
where students come to with draw the knowledge they need for life. Knowledge is
not a set commodity that is passed from the teachers to the students. Students
must construct knowledge from knowledge they already possess. Teachers must
learn how the students understand the world so that the teacher understands how
the student can learn.
Theory of Transmission
Teaching is a
political process. It must be a democratic process to avoid teaching authority
dependence. The teacher must learn about (and from) the student so that
knowledge can be constructed in ways that are meaningful to the student. The
teachers must become learners and the learns must become teachers.
Theory of Society
Freire challenge
the conventional assumptions that there is equal opportunity in a democratic
society. He asserts, often, that education is a political process. Schools
become tools that are used by parents, business and the community to impose
their values and beliefs. While no intentional harm is intended, this process
often results in the oppression of less privileged persons.
Theory of Opportunity
Freire’s entire
education career is based on his desire to provide greater opportunity for the
poor and oppressed people of the world.
Theory of Consensus
Disagreement is
normal and something to expect. Disagreement can be an impetus to reflection
and a source of growth. The problem that Freire wants to address is when opinions
and disagreements are suppressed in the name of control and authority.
Merits
Ø It is to create awareness among the oppressed people.
Ø It is used to make the people to relies difference in the social
economic condition.
Ø It is usually written within a more conversational or accessible
framework.
Demerits
Ø Even though his approach is still curriculum-based and entail
transforming settings into a particular type of pedagogical space.
Ø The practice of Friere education can involve smuggling in all of
ideas.
REFERENCES
1. Educational Challenges
in India society : Dr. A. Meenakshisundaram,
2. Thinkers on education : Neelkamal Publications,
PAULO
FRIERE
1. The pedagogy of the oppressed
Pedagogy is the study of teaching methods. Oppressed are those people who are treated in a cruel and unfair
way
i. Emancipation
ii. Conscientization
iii. Culture of Silence
2. Banking concept of
education
Banking means education in which passive learners have pre-selected
knowledge deposited in their minds.
The teacher is the depositor and the knowledge is
deposited on a daily basis.
3. Dialogue
v He proposes dialogue to be established between the teacher and
student because man creates him self through words, action and reflections.
v Dialogue is the key element in learning.
THEORY OF PAULO FRIERE
1. Theory of value
Education should
raise the awareness of the student so that they become subject rather then
objectives.
2. Theory of knowledge
Two type of knowledge
i. Practical
ii. Critical
3. Theory of human nature
The oppressed
majority must be taught to imagine a better way so that they can shape their future
and thereby become more human.
4. Theory of learning
Knowledge is not a
set commodity that is passed from the teaching to the students.
5. Theory of transmission
The teacher must
learn about the student so that knowledge can be constructed in ways that are
meaningful to the student.
6. Theory of society
If you take society
as whole in which schools become tools that are used by parent business and the
community to impose their value and beliefs.
7. Theory of opportunity
Education should be given greater opportunity for the
poor and oppressed people of the world.
8. Theory of consensus
Disagreement can be
an impetus to reflection and source of growth.
CONCLUSION
Paulo Freire
emphasis that giving education for apprised people because they have to reflected
upon the education and they have to analysis the world and reform it.
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