The education is the key which
allows people to move up in the world, seek better jobs and ultimately succeed
in their lives, and one should be deprived of it. Indian constitution in its direct.
Principles of state policy has affirmed
free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of fourteen .So,
the disadvantaged children are not an exception. Every disadvantaged child
should be given opportunity to learn with integrated of
Technology to improve overall learning
capacity of the student which can enhance the lives of disadvantaged children
Socially disadvantaged children –meaning
The children who
are socio culturally deprived and under privilege are called as socially
disadvantaged children. The term socially disadvantaged children or simply
disadvantage is used to refer to these children who are economically,
educationally, linguistically, or socially disadvantaged by definition
disadvantaged child is one who
v Suffers from a continuing inadequacy of basic necessities
life
v Is subject to detrimental environmental stresses of any kind
v Has been denied form the basic and universal rights of
children (i.e. a stable home, loving
mother, a supportive father who provides the
material need such as protection clothing adequate diet, and play space,
fresh experience to stimulate language and mental growth; reorganization and an
encouraging atmosphere and contact with other children and adults)
v Is at risk of future psycho-education problems
v Is handicapped or disabled
because of certain conditions of
exogenous origin 9i;e not due to any
condition arising out with in his own natural rate
v He has been the opportunity to grow normally at his own
natural rate
v Self concept
v Motivation
v Social behavior
v Language
v Intellectual functioning
v Physical facilities
Definition of Socially disadvantaged children:
The disadvantage
refers to an inner condition of child resulting from an outer deprivation
The U.S government defines
“socially disadvantaged” individuals under the small business act (15 USC
“socially disadvantaged individuals are those who have been subjected to racial
or ethic prejudice or cultural bias of their identity as a member of a group
without regard to their individual qualities”.
Types of socially disadvantaged children:
The
Plan for Protection of Children inSpecially Difficult Circumstances (CEDC)
2002-2006 formulated by the National Youth Bureau identifies CEDC covering the
following six groups:
1) Abandoned and neglected Children i.e.
.street children / child beggars; orphans; and slum children;
2) Children physically or sexually
abused i.e. assaulted children; child prostitutes; sexually violated children;
and children involved in child labour;
3) Children with undesirable behavior i.e.
children who use drugs; children pregnant out of wedlock or before appropriate
age; those involved in criminal action / criminal offence; those in remand homes;
and those socializing in brothels and night spots;
4) Children with physical/
mental/emotional/intellectual and learning deficiencies;
5) Socially deprived/ poor children i.e.
children without schooling; children of migratory
Construction workers; children of unemployed
laborers; children of ethnic minority groups; children of those under absolute
poverty line; and those without Thai nationality, birth registration certifies
or household registration certificates; and
6) HIV/AIDS – affected children i.e. those
infected with HIV/AIDS; and orphans of parents with HIV/AIDS.
Causes of socially
disadvantaged children:
The various causes of disadvantaged conditions are as follows:
v Economic causes :
ü Poverty of parents
ü Mismanagement of money in the home
ü Poor occupational status of parents
ü Un employment or underemployment
ü Poor diet
ü Poor clothing
v Health related causes :
ü Malnutrition of children
ü Inadequate medical care of children
ü Lack of health care, cleanliness and preventive immunization
ü Prenatal and post natal complications
v Home and neighborhood
factors :
ü Shared inadequate and crowded home
ü Lack of play space
ü Lack of educationally stimulating materials
ü Depressed or slum-type neighborhood
v Socio-cultural factors:
ü Defective child-rearing and parenting behaviors
ü Lack of cultural stimulation
ü Parental rejection
ü Over indulgence
v Intellectual factors:
ü Retarded cognitive growth
ü Delayed speech
ü Over or under stimulation
ü Educational underachievement
ü Failure, stagnation and drop out
v Mental health factors:
ü Crime and delinquency
ü Psychiatric problems
ü Behavior problems and disorders
Characteristics
of socially disadvantaged children:
Ø Basically they have poor cognitive back ground due to depression
Ø They have below average level intellectual functioning
Ø They have low level of aspiration and marginal social occupational
adjustment
Ø Lacking experiences of receiving
approval for success in tasks
Ø Seems to be generally unaware of the ground rules for success in school work
Ø They are less able to
learn from being told
Ø They are often unable to make simple
symbolic interpretations unable to use standard language
Ø They seem to have low level of curiosity about the
things
Disadvantaged children and
their teachers experience the following difficulties:
§ Culturally disadvantaged children seem to be generally unaware of
the ground rules foe success in school work
§ They are less able to learn from being told
§ They are often unable to make simple symbolic interpretation
§ They tend to have small attention span and consequently have
difficulty in following directions
§ They are unable to us standard language
§ They tend to have little concept relative size
§ They are less likely to perceive adults as people to whom they can
turn for help
§ They seem to have low level of curiosity about the things
Needs of socially
disadvantaged children:
a)
Socially disadvantaged children must be trained to achieve three
objectives viz knowledge, skill and attitude
b)
Self concept, level of
aspiration and achievement motivation should be accelerated
c)
Language training and
analytical thinking must be included
d)
These children must be trained to acquaint
themselves with concrete life situation
e)
They must be aware of their various creative talent and
they must be trained to develop sense of comparative living in them so that
they can easily participate with normal students
Educational provisions for
socially disadvantaged children :
ü Establishment of
residential school (ashram school)
ü Financial help for
disadvantaged children (scholarship, post-matric
and pre.matric scholarship
ü Appoint of expert teachers
(special training in service training refresh
courses teachers are also trained in tribal dialect and tribal culture )
ü Craft education ( carpentry, tailoring , weaving and some useful hand work)
ü Incentives to indigent
families ( recently govt taken steps for more
enrollment for these weaker section of the people and children incentive are
provided them so the they would be able
to send their children regularly to school
ü Compensatory pre-school
education (research works reveal that the mental development of children
generally 3 to 7 years so pre school
period considered to be the formative period of child life through the Compensatory pre-school education can improve his vocabulary and
language difficultives can ultimately be
surmounted
ü Adjustment of school hours
and vocations: it is used to reduce the dropouts and stagnation and alos these
children get ample opportunity to assist
their parents
ü Adult education programmes
(truly speaking educated parents can get their
children educated with little effort they
will be able to understand the value of education, and responsibility for the
future generation so govt initiative to open the anganwadi adult education centers to help the social disadvantage people
ü Technique of evaluation (step may be taken to adopt
new techniques of evaluation and continuous assessment of these types will be conducive
ü Follow up action (students coming
form residential type of schools
generally go for higher education or take any job to earn their live hood govt has plan tho help the students providing
the grants to settle down in life
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